Dr. Soumya Swaminathan. "Assessing the Impact of Smoke-Free Legislation on Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Spain (2006-2011)." Computer Engineering, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1–4, 2026.

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Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and epilepsy are neurodevelopmental conditions that appear with high rate of cooccurrence, suggesting the possibility of a common genetic basis. Mutations in Synapsin (SYN) genes, particularly SYN1 and SYN2, have been recently associated with ASD and epilepsy in humans. Accordingly, mice lacking Syn1 or Syn2, but not Syn3, experience epileptic seizures and display autistic-like traits that precede the onset of seizures. Here, we analyzed social behavior and ultrasonic vocalizations emitted in 2 social contexts by SynI, SynII, or SynIII mutants and show that SynII mutants display the most severe ASD-like phenotype. We also show that the behavioral SynII phenotype correlates with a significant decrease in auditory and hippocampal functional connectivity as measured with resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI). Taken together, our results reveal a permissive contribution of Syn2 to the expression of normal socio-communicative behavior, and suggest that Syn2-mediated synaptic dysfunction can lead to ASD-like behavior through dysregulation of cortical connectivity.

Alessia Bianchi, Francesca Rizzo, Lorenzo Marini, Giulia Fabbri, Marco De Santis, Elisa. "Neural Disruptions and Autism Spectrum Disorder Phenotypes: A Synapsin II Knockout Study." Computer Engineering, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 5–13, 2026.

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Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and epilepsy are common neurological diseases of childhood, with an estimated incidence of approximately 0.5–1% of the worldwide population. Several genetic, neuroimaging and neuropathological studies clearly showed that both ASD and epilepsy have developmental origins and a substantial degree of heritability. Most importantly, ASD and epilepsy frequently coexist in the same individual, suggesting a common neurodevelopmental basis for these disorders. Genomewide association studies recently allowed for the identification of a substantial number of genes involved in ASD and epilepsy, some of which are mutated in syndromes presenting both ASD and epilepsy clinical features. At the cellular level, both preclinical and clinical studies indicate that the different genetic causes of ASD and epilepsy may converge to perturb the excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance, due to the dysfunction of excitatory and inhibitory circuits in various brain regions. Metabolic and immune dysfunctions, as well as environmental causes also contribute to ASD pathogenesis. Thus, an E/I imbalance resulting from neurodevelopmental deficits of multiple origins might represent a common pathogenic mechanism for both diseases. Here, we will review the most significant studies supporting these hypotheses. A deeper understanding of the molecular and cellular determinants of autism–epilepsy comorbidity will pave the way to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

Dr. Daniel H. Geschwind. "Convergence of Genetic and Environmental Factors in the Pathogenesis of Autism and Epilepsy.." Computer Engineering, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 14–28, 2026.

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This study was carried out to evaluate the influencing factors that affect the reproductive performance of cows at the Monirampur upazila in Jessore district of Bangladesh. A total of 224 cows were brought to the upazila livestock hospital for artificial insemination (AI). The cows were inseminated between 12 to 18 hours from the onset of estrus and data was obtained from the owner. Out of 224 cows, 133 became pregnant and 91 were non pregnant. In this study, the overall pregnancy rate was 59.29%. Among the age variability, the highest pregnancy rate (70.27%) was at the age of 4 years old. In case of breed variation, the highest pregnancy rate was observed in local breed (69.07%) compared with other crossbred cows. Hence the breed variations significantly influence the conception rate of cows. According to the parity, we found that the pregnancy rate was increasing with their parity but decreasing after 4th parity. The highest conception rate was observed in 3rd parity (67.74%) which was significantly higher than that of heifers (Parity-0). Here we also found that the types of bull semen used for AI had no significant effect for pregnancy rate. The skills of AI technician for AI to cows were significantly affecting the pregnancy rate. However, this study is not enough for rating and comment about the reproduction performance of cows. Therefore, further extensive study is needed for rating and recommendation for the cattle up gradation at that particular area. (Key word: pregnancy rate, AI, holstein cross, sahiwal cross, red chittagonj cattle, parity)

1 Mohammad Shahriar Alam, 2 Fatima Islam,3 Nasrin Akhter Jyoti, 3Tapan Kumar. "Factors Influencing Pregnancy Rates in Cattle Following Artificial Insemination in Rural Settings: A Case Study from Southwestern Bangladesh." Computer Engineering, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 29–34, 2026.

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Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to quantify the efficacy of cervical cerclage in preventing preterm birth (PTB) in asymptomatic singleton pregnancies with a mid-trimester short transvaginal ultrasound cervical length (TVU CL) and without prior spontaneous PTB. Methods: Electronic databases were searched from inception of each database until February 2017. No language restrictions were applied. We included all randomized controlled trials Results: Five RCTs, including 419 asymptomatic singleton gestations with TVU CL <25mm and without prior SPTB, were analyzed. No statistically significant differences were found in PTB <35 (21.9% vs 27.7%; RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.23; I2=0%; 5 studies, 419 participants), <34, <32, <28, and <24 weeks, mean gestational age at delivery, preterm premature rupture of membranes, and neonatal outcomes, comparing women who were randomized in the cerclage group with those who were randomized in the control group, respectively. Planned subgroup analyses revealed a significant decrease in PTB <35 weeks in women with TVU CL <10mm (39.5% vs 58.0%; RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.98; I2=0%; 5 studies, 126 participants), in women who received tocolytics (17.5% vs 25.7%; RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.98; I2=0%; 5 studies, 154 participants), and in those who received antibiotics (18.3% vs 31.5%; RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.98; I2=0%; 3 studies, 163 participants). The quality of evidence was downgraded two levels because of serious “imprecision” and serious “indirectness,” and therefore was judged as low. Computer Engineering ISSN: 10003428 Volume 15 | Issue 1 | Year 2026 https://journalofcomputerengineering.com/ © 2026 Computer Engineering. All Rights Reserved. Page 35 Conclusions: In women with singleton gestation, without prior spontaneous PTB but with TVU CL <25mm in the second trimester, cerclage does not prevent preterm delivery or improve neonatal outcome. Cerclage, in singletons without prior spontaneous PTB, seems to be possible efficacious at lower CLs, such as <10mm, and when tocolytics or antibiotics were used as additional therapy, requiring further studies in these subgroups. Given the low quality of evidence, further well-designed RCT is necessary to confirm the findings of this study.

Maria Grazia Pellegrini, Sofia Rodriguez, Leonardo D'Elia, Yoon-Kyoung Sung,. "Ultrasound-Directed Cerclage for Singleton Pregnancies with Short Cervix and No Prior Preterm Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis of Trials with Individual Patient-Level Data." Computer Engineering, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 35–53, 2026.

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Objective There is a growing body of evidence that suggests that the surgical technique for uterine closure following Cesarean delivery influences the healing of the Cesarean scar, but there is still no consensus on the optimal technique. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the effect of single- vs double-layer uterine closure on the risk of uterine scar defect. Methods MEDLINE, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, PROSPERO, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception of each database until May 2016. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of single- vs double-layer uterine closure following low transverse Cesarean section on the risk of uterine scar defect were included. The primary outcome was the incidence of uterine scar defects detected on ultrasound. Secondary outcomes were residual myometrial thickness evaluated by ultrasound and the incidence of uterine dehiscence and/or rupture in subsequent pregnancy. Summary measures were reported as relativerisk(RR)ormeandifference(MD),with95% CIs. Quality of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. Results Nine RCTs (3969 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. The overall risk of bias of the included trials was low. Statistical heterogeneity within the studies was low, with no inconsistency in the primary and secondary outcomes. Women who received single-layer uterine closure had a similar incidence of uterine scar defects as did women who received double-layer closure (25% vs 43%; RR, 0.77 (95% CI, 0.36– 1.64); five trials; 350 participants; low quality of evidence). Compared with double-layer uterine closure, women who received single-layer closure had a significantly thinner residual myometrium on ultrasound (MD, –2.19mm (95% CI, – 2.80 to –1.57mm); four trials; 374 participants; low quality of evidence). No difference was found in the incidence of uterine dehiscence (0.4% vs 0.2%; RR, 1.34 (95% CI, 0.24–4.82); three trials; 3421 participants; low quality of evidence) or uterine rupture (0.1% vs 0.1%; RR, 0.52 (95% CI, 0.05–5.53); one trial; 3234 participants; low quality of evidence) in a subsequent pregnancy. Conclusions Single- and double-layer closure of the uterineincisionfollowingCesareandeliveryareassociated withasimilarincidenceofCesareanscardefects,aswellas uterine dehiscence and rupture in a subsequent pregnancy. However, the quality level of summary estimates, as assessed by GRADE, was low, indicating that the true effect may be, or is even likely to be, substantially different from the estimate of the effect.

1Alessandro De Santis, 2Giulia Russo, Rachel. "A Comparative Analysis of Uterine Closure Techniques and Their Impact on Cesarean Scar Defects." Computer Engineering, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 54–59, 2026.

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: Memantine protects cultured neurons from excitotoxin-induced cell-death; it attenuated loss of cholinergic neurons in the CNS induced by injection of NMDA into the basal forebrain of rats. It has been shown that memantine induced production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a substance shown to promote survival and differentiation of CNS neuron. Due to the preclinical effects of memantine owing to its anti-ischemic and anti-excitotoxic properties, recent clinical effi cacy has been demonstrated in patients with advanced dementia of vascular origins. Therefore, it has been employed in different trials, in vascular dementia, showing a potential benefi t and no unbearable side effects. Different studies underline the possible role of memantine in Parkinson Disease.

Alessandro Bianchi, Sofia De Luca, Elena Russo, Lorenzo Bianchi, Giacomo Ferrari, and. "Exploring the Dual Facets of Memantine: A Neurological and Pharmacological Analysis." Computer Engineering, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 60–69, 2026.

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1Alessia Bianchi, 2 Lorenzo Marchetti. "Efficacy of Early Integrated Rehabilitative Treatment in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Longitudinal Study. " Computer Engineering, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 70–77, 2026.

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