: Based on some previous works, an equivalent equations is obtained for the differential equations of fractional-orderq ∈(1, 2) with non-instantaneous impulses, which shows that there exists the general solution forthisimpulsivefractional-ordersystems.Next,anexample is used to illustrate the conclusion.

usefulness of the obtained result.. "Fractional Dynamics in Non- Instantaneous Impulsive Systems." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 1–11, 2025.

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Medicinal plants have a major role in drug invention & also have efficacy of *For Correspondence the drug. Herbal medicine possess efficacy worldwide along with Safety and very less side effects. A major part of the population suffers due to the Shatadru Bhattacharjee, Post reason of gastric distress which involves IBS, heartburn, diarrhoea, Graduate Fellow, Dr. BC Roy constipation. Several problem occurs due to improper digestion of our College Of Pharmacy And allied foodwhich we used to take in daily basis. It is clinically proved that initial Health Science stage of disease id due to the improper adsorption of food nutrients. The food which also taken by majority of people is may be not processed E-mail: properly which is the main reason to go wrong within our body. The GI problem always comes back. The use of herbal remedy all over the world

Rohan A. Khan, Priya S. Jain. "Exploring the Gastric Protective Effects of Herbal Extracts: A Systematic Review." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 12–20, 2025.

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The objective of the study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the questionnaire which values teaching styles with which to preferentially identify physical education teachers. The sample was composed of 120 secondary school teachers. In designing the instrument they started from a DEMEVI questionnaire to which 12 expert judges got the validation of content. After the respective factor, exploratory and confirmatory analysis, five-factor model and 20 items were obtained, which showed satisfactory indexes of adjustment. Acceptable levels of internal consistency and temporal stability were obtained. Teachers under 30 years of age valued more the cognitive, participative and socializing styles, while men under 30 years of age identified more with traditional character styles compared to women of the same age who preferred the cognitive ones. The teaching styles questionnaire in physical education provide reliable and valid evidence for use.

Dr. Sofia Rodríguez-González, Dr. Lucas Martínez-Romero, and Dr. Elena. "Psychometric Evaluation of the Teaching Styles Survey in Physical Education: A Comparative Analysis." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 21–36, 2025.

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Blood transfusion is an important mode of transmission of infections to recipients. Evaluating trends in the prevalence of transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors is essential for monitoring blood supply safety and donor screening effectiveness. This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections among blood donors in the blood bank of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Bangalore, India. All consenting blood donors were consecutively included from Jan 2012 to Dec 2015 and were screened for seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis. A total of 4087 donors were tested, out of which 2681(65.6%) were replacement donors, 1406 (34.5%) were voluntary donors and 93% were males, 6.5% were females. The overall seropositivity rates of HIV, HBV, HCV & Syphilis were respectively 0.2%, 0.75%, 0.34% & 0.3% respectively. None of them were positive for malarial parasite. Seropositivity was more among males than in females and in replacement donors when compared to voluntary donors. Thus there is the need for non-remunerated voluntary donor services to be instituted. Also further prevalence rates of HCV and Syphilis to be studied in this region as there is greater fluctuation among them so that necessary steps are taken to provide safe blood to the recipients.

Aparna R. Rao, Raghavendra K. Rao. "Prevalence and Risk Factors of Transfusion- Transmitted Infections among Blood Donors in a South Indian Tertiary Care Setting." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 37–43, 2025.

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: We study Riemann-Lebesgue integrability for interval-valued multifunctions relative to an interval-valued set multifunction. Some classic properties of the RL integral, such as monotonicity, order continuity, bounded variation, convergence are obtained. An application of interval-valued multifunctions to image processing is given for the purpose of illustration; an example is given in case of fractal image coding for image compression, and for edge detection algorithm. In these contexts, the image modelization as an interval valued multifunction is crucial since allows to take into account the presence of quantization errors (such as the so-called round-off error) in the discretization process of a real world analogue visual signal into a digital discrete one.

Alessandro De Santis, Elena Vasilescu, Luca Marcolongo, Raluca Georgescu, Francesca. "Interval-Valued Multifunctions and the Riemann-Lebesgue Integral." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 44–65, 2025.

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: Reinforcement learning (RL) has risen as a robust framework for facilitating independent decisionmaking in software engineering, altering the ways systems adjust, enhance, and recuperate from failures. This paper examines how RL contributes to the enhancement of software engineering methods through the facilitation of self-learning and adaptive AI-based systems. The research explores the incorporation of RL across different phases of software development, encompassing design, testing, optimization, and maintenance, enabling autonomous systems that can make intricate decisions with little human involvement. The capability of RL to adapt from immediate feedback enables software to progress according to shifting needs and settings, enhancing system effectiveness, scalability, and robustness. We explore essential applications such as autonomous bug identification, system enhancement, code creation, and dynamic resource allocation in cloudbased settings. The article offers a comparative examination of conventional software engineering methods against RL-based strategies, emphasizing the possible advantages and difficulties of implementing RL in practical software environments. Important performance metrics like system stability, recovery durations, and resource usage are examined regarding RL's efficiency in independently handling tasks that normally need human supervision. We also discuss the challenges and limitations, including the complexities of training RL models, issues of interpretability, and security risks, which must be taken into account when deploying RL-based solutions in operational systems. By means of experimental case studies and simulations, we illustrate the realistic effectiveness of RL in automating routine tasks, speeding up the software lifecycle, and facilitating more resilient and adaptable systems. This paper presents a thorough framework for utilizing RL to extend the limits of autonomous AI in software engineering, setting the stage for smarter, more efficient, and robust software systems.

a number of fields, including software engineering. For. "Advancements in Software Engineering through Reinforcement Learning: A Pathway to Autonomous AI Systems." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 66–72, 2025.

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: Making and tinkering, as learning practices, have gained a lot of attention during the last decade, especially in STEAM education. Despite the significant interest in making- &tinkering activities, most of the research has focused on implementations in non-formal and informal educational settings, with learners of older age (i.e., students in secondary school). The present study sought to investigate young students’ knowledge gains, attitudes towards a making-&-tinkering approach to learning mathematics in formal education and the development of 21st-century skills as they engaged in a collaborative making-&-tinkering project using a variety of arts, crafts, and technological tools such as a physical robot. The making-&-tinkering approach involved making, tinkering, programming, and play in a group project integrated into the formal mathematics curriculum. Findings from the study suggest that young students can greatly benefit from such an approach. The study has demonstrated the applicability and value of such methods for young learners in formal educational contexts, with implications for future research and practice in the field.

Sophia Alexandropoulou, Georgios Kostas. "Exploring a Maker-Centric Approach to Mathematics Education: Implications for Knowledge Acquisition, Attitudes, and 21st- Century Competencies." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 73–81, 2025.

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Objectives: This study is aimed to evaluate if the osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) is effective in patients with primary dysmenorrhea (PD). Methods: Randomized single-blinded controlled trial with OMT group and lighttouch treatment (LTT) group. Recruited women were 18-40 years (mean age 27 years), with regular menstrual cycle, normal body mass index (BMI), and a medical diagnosis of PD. Intervention: Patients received five OMT or five LTT over a menstrual cycle. The primary outcomes were average menstrual pain assessed by the numeric rating scale (NRS), the duration of pain, and quality of life (QoL) assessed by the SF-12 Short Form Health Survey and Patient Global Impression Change (PGIC). The secondary outcomes were NSAIDs intake, hours of absence from school/work, and menstrual-related symptoms. Results: 31 subjects were enrolled, of which five were excluded and the remaining 26 were randomized. Patients in OMT group had significant improvement in every outcome, including the average menstrual pain that decreased from 5.35 ± 0.28 to 1.98 ± 0.24 (-63.0%; p<0.001). The mean SF-12 physical component score (PCS) improved from 31.35 ± 1.70 to 49.56 ± 1.92 (+58.1%, p<0.001), the mean SF-12 mental component score (MCS) improved from 38.36 ± 1.16 to 52.04 ± 0.94 (+35.7%; p<0.001). LTT group showed no improvements. Conclusion: OMT was effective in reducing menstrual pain and improving Quality of Life of dysmenorrheic women.

Leonardo Bianchi, Gabriella Ferrari, Luca Morandi, Elena Costa, Marco Rossi, and. "Efficacy of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment in Managing Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 82–90, 2025.

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