: Connected component labeling is one of the most important processes for image analysis, image understanding, pattern recognition, and computer vision. It performs inherently sequential operations to scan a binary input image and to assign a unique label to all pixels of each object. This paper presents a novel hardware-oriented labeling approach able to process input pixels in parallel, thus speeding up the labeling task with respect to state-of-the-art competitors. For purposes of comparison with existing designs, several hardware implementations are characterized for different image sizes and realization platforms. The obtained results demonstrate that frame rates and resource efficiency significantly higher than existing counterparts are achieved. The proposed hardware architecture is purposely designed to comply with the fourth generation of the advanced extensible interface (AXI4) protocol and to store intermediate and final outputs within an off-chip memory. Therefore, it can be directly integrated as a custom accelerator in virtually any modern heterogeneous embedded system-on-chip (SoC). As an example, when integrated within the Xilinx Zynq-7000 X C7Z020 SoC, the novel design processes more than 1.9 pixels per clock cycle, thus furnishing more than 30 2k × 2k labeled frames per second by using 3688 Look-Up Tables (LUTs), 1415 Flip Flops (FFs), and 10 kb of on-chip memory.

Alessia Conti, Gianluca Fiumara, and Marco Rizzo. "Efficient Component Labeling Framework for Multi- Core Heterogeneous Systems-on-Chip." Computer Engineering, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1–24, 2024.

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In this paper, we focus on the design of energy self-sustainable mobile networks, by enabling intelligent energy management that allows the base stations to mostly operate off-grid by using renewable energies. Many papers are available in the literature on this problem, however, we are approaching this issue from a different angle. In fact, we advocate for future mobile networks with a hierarchical cell structure and powered by energy harvesting hardware. Base stations within the same geographical area are grouped in a micro-grid and operate almost autonomously from the power grid. To achieve this goal, we target the design of optimal traffic and computational load control method with energy sharing within the micro-grid. We solve the optimization problem using a graph-based method and we demonstrate, via software simulations, that a combination of load control plus energy sharing represents a viable and economically convenient solution for enabling energy self-sustainability of mobile networks grouped in micro-grids. INDEX TERMS Energy harvesting, energy saving, energy sharing, energy storage, green networking, mobile networks, optimization, renewable energy, smart grid, sustainability.

Sofia Rodríguez-Ramos, Yonas G. Tsegaye. "Joint Optimization of Energy Management and Network Load Balancing in 5G-Enabled Micro-Grids." Computer Engineering, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 25–35, 2024.

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The COordinate Rotation DIgital Computer CORDIC algorithm has proved its versatility in computing various transcendental functions by only using the shift and adds operations. This paper presents a new hardware efficient scaling free CORDIC algorithm to operate in vectoring and in rotation mode. The micro rotation of the vector is always in one direction with no scale factor correction. The Range of Convergence RoC is from 0 to 2π. No pre and post processing circuitry is required. 16 bit Scaling free CORDIC Pipelined architecture based on the proposed algorithm is synthesized on FPGA Xilinx VirtexII P device coded in Verilog. Synthesized results show totally scaling free performance with very small dynamic power consumption of .06 mW and maximum delay of 4.123 ns and 9.925 ns in the rotational and vectoring modes respectively. The minimum BEP of the proposed algorithm implementation is 12. Proposed algorithm is faster and efficient in terms of area and accuracy as compared to conventional CORDIC. KEYWORDS DSP, Scale Free CORDIC, Systolic array, rotation mode, vectoring mode, RoC, pipeline architecture.

Ruchi Mehta and Priya Agrawal. "Efficient Vectoring and Rotational CORDIC Algorithm Implementations for Real-Time DSP Applications." Computer Engineering, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 36–42, 2024.

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: Smart societies will make more intelligent use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), which has the potential to transform the way to plan and manage infrastructures. New developments in computer hardware, as well as new applications and software, are changing the face of the infrastructure sector and society more generally, driving greater efficiency, increasing productivity, and greatly simplifying construction processes and life-of-asset maintenance. In European countries, the adoption of Building Information Modeling (BIM) standards have been expedited. In this research article, the architectural- structural model in a BIM environment of the elevated walkway connecting the gate with the runway, a project named “IV Bridge” under construction for the expansion of the departure area of Naples Capodichino International Airport, is carried out. Software including Autodesk family, Revit for the architectural/structural model, Robot Structural Analysis (RSA) for the analytical verification and Naviswork (NW) for the 4D/5D model were used. The effectiveness and benefits obtained by implementing the BIM methodology are discussed, showing a reduction in terms of construction times and costs.

Alessandro De Luca, Maria Grazia Mancuso, Laura Di Giorgio, Elena. "A Novel BIM-Based Approach for Enhancing Airport Terminal Expansion Modeling." Computer Engineering, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 43–56, 2024.

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The objectives of this study were to measure several oxidative stress parameters in cervical mucous with several pathological conditions. The parameters are myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Advanced Oxidation Protein Products (AOPPs) levels. Seventy-six women with aged 20-45 years, who attend to Indonesian Cancer Association, Jakarta, Indonesia were enrolled in the study. Cervical mucus was taken from each patient, and after that, pap smear procedure is performed to determine the condition of each patient's cervix. According to the results of the pap smear, there are three cervical conditions, such as normal, mild chronic specific infection, chronic non-specific infection, and atypical cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS). A significant increase in MPO activity, H2O2, and AOPPs levels were observed in all group of patients, compared to normal patients. In conclusion, oxidative stress was involved in several pathological conditions in the uterine cervix, and the parameters measured in this study may be used as a marker in those conditions.

Rina Adisty, Muhammad Alwi, Wahidah Nur Hasanah, Abdul Rohman Hakim. "Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Cervical Mucus: A Potential Diagnostic Indicator for Pathological Conditions." Computer Engineering, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 57–61, 2024.

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The impact of energy consumption on the environment and the economy is raising awareness of "green" software engineering. HADAS is an eco-assistant that makes developers aware of the influence of their designs and implementations on the energy consumption and performance of the final product. In this paper, we extend HADAS to better support the requirements of users: researchers, automatically dumping the energy- consumption of different software solutions; and developers, who want to perform a sustainability analysis of different software solutions. This analysis has been extended by adding Pearson’s chi-squared differentials and Bootstrapping statistics, to automatically check the significance of correlations of the energy consumption, or the execution time, with any other variable (e.g., the number of users) that can influence the selection of a particular eco-efficient configuration. We have evaluated our approach by performing a sustainability analysis of the most common web servers (i.e. PHP servers) using the time and energy data measured with the Watts Up? Pro tool previously dumped in HADAS. We show how HADAS helps web server providers to make a trade-off between Keywords Energy Efficiency · Performance · Web Servers · Linux

Sofia Rodriguez · Emily Patel · Julian Sanchez. "Investigating Energy Efficiency in Web Servers: A Correlational Analysis with the HADAS Eco-Assistant." Computer Engineering, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 62–77, 2024.

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Mastitis is the most frequent and expensive disease in the Animal Production Units (UPAS-Animal Production Units) of dairy cattle, due to its serious consequences on economic losses in the quantity and quality of milk produced. Its cause is directly related to aspects of well-being, health and hygiene and sanitation of the high milkproducing animals. In this work, important aspects to be taken into account for diagnosis, prevention, treatment, antimicrobials and finally aspects of vital importance to be taken into account to prevent bovine mastitis in UPAS of dairy cattle are described.

Dr. Daniel H. Geschwind. "Advances in Dairy Hygiene and Bovine Health." Computer Engineering, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 78–81, 2024.

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: The massive increase in the number of vehicles has set a precedent in terms of congestion, being one of the important factors affecting the flow of traffic, but there are also effects on the world economy. The studies carried out so far try to highlight solutions that will streamline the traffic, as society revolves around transportation and its symmetry. Current research highlights that the increased density of vehicles could be remedied by dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) systems through communications of the type vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) or vehicle-to-everything (V2X). We can say that wireless communication technologies have the potential to significantly change the efficiency and road safety, thus improving the efficiency of transport systems. An important factor is to comply with the requirements imposed on the use of vehicle safety and transport applications. Therefore, this paper focuses on several simulations on the basis of symmetry models, implemented in practical cases in order to streamline vehicle density and reduce traffic congestion. The scenarios aim at both the communication of the vehicles with each other and their prioritization by the infrastructure, so we can have a report on the efficiency of the proposed models.

Ioan Cristian Bercu, Ruxandra Elena Stoica and Alexandru Mihail Munteanu. "Validating Homogenized Timoshenko Models against Bi- dimensional Finite Element Frame Analysis.." Computer Engineering, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 82–100, 2024.

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