Batteries are based on unusual Fe (VI) redox couple and multi-electron cathode charge storage, such Fe (VI) cathodes can be "green", cost effective and store considerably higher charge than conventional cathode materials. . Therefore, this study presents a procedure for the synthesis of cathodic salts Li2FeO4 or lithium superiron, by substitution of barium ions of ferrate VI obtained by lithium, by mixing them with a saturated solution of lithium carbonate Li2CO3, in order to study and optimize the essential parameters influencing the substitution yield as well as the monitoring of its degradation over time, of which the reaction yield is around 92.7% at a temperature around [20°C – 40°C] and pH = 11 for 50 minutes. The phase obtained was characterized by UV spectrophotometer by measuring the optical density at the wavelength 507 nm and analyzed by the volumetric titration method. Keywords Ferrate, oxidant, electrochemical, cathode, lithium ferrate (VI), Purity, Stability

Amira El Houssaine, Karim Boukhris, Mohamed El Youssoufi, Rachid Bennani. "Synthesis and Characterization of Cathodic Salts for Energy Storage Applications." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 1–6, 2025.

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—Machine learning models have long be proposed to detect the presence of unauthorized activity within computer networks. They are used as anomaly detection techniques to detect abnormal behaviors within the network. We propose to use Support Vector Machine (SVM) learning anomaly detection model to detect abnormalities within the Internet of Things. SVM creates its normal profile hyperplane based on both benign and malicious local sensor activity. An important aspect of our work is the use of actual IoT network traffic with specific networklayer attacks implemented by us. This is in contrast to other works creating supervised learning models, with generic datasets. The proposed detection model achieves up to 100% accuracy when evaluated with unknown data taken from the same network topology as it was trained and 81% accuracy when operating in an unknown topology. Index Terms—Internet of Things, IoT, Routing Attacks, Intrusion Detection Systems, Support Vector Machines.

Sophia Nikolaidou and Andreas Constantinou. "Enhancing IoT Network Security through Supervised Learning-based Classification." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 7–13, 2025.

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Significant progress has been made during the last decades to achieve gender equality, but there is still much work to do. In particular, the gender gap is pronounced in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields at all levels of education and labour market. In those areas, the women participation remains low, although there are differences from country to country. In the Latin American context, there is a need for carrying out studies to collect quality data about the actual situation of women in STEM. Although some available data show a high proportion of women in Latin American university education, they are a minority in STEM programs. Moreover, this problem is particularly severe in Latin America because of the biases or cultural norms that influence female behaviour. In this context, the W-STEM project seeks to improve strategies and mechanisms for attracting, accessing, and guiding women in Latin America in STEM higher education programs. This work aims to describe the main results to prepare a set of attraction campaigns in secondary schools in the Latin American countries involved in the project (Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico). In particular, a self- assessment tool about gender equality in higher education institutions in Latin America, an interview protocol for female role models, and a mobile application to show those role models. KEYWORDS STEM, women, gender gap, Latin America, higher education, mobile app, self-assessment, gender equality.

Dr. Jan Camenisch. "Exploring the Role of Women in STEM Education: The W-STEM Project in Latin America." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 14–18, 2025.

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: The solution of fractional-order differential problems requires in the majority of cases the use of some computational approach. In general, the numerical treatment of fractional differential equations is much more difficult than in the integer-order case, and very often non-specialist researchers are unaware of the specific difficulties. As a consequence, numerical methods are often applied in an incorrect way or unreliable methods are devised and proposed in the literature. In this paper we try to identify some common pitfalls in the use of numerical methods in fractional calculus, to explain their nature and to list some good practices that should be followed in order to obtain correct results.

Alexander Müller, Sofia Rodriguez, and Julianne Chen. "Advances in Computational Methods for Fractional Calculus: A Critical Review." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 19–42, 2025.

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Premenstrual Dysphonic Disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of PMS where psychological and behavioral symptoms of labile and depressed mood, anger, irritability and internal tension are prominent. It has been widely studied in many countries only limited studies have been conducted in Ethiopia. To assess the prevalence and magnitude of premenstrual syndrome and its coping mechanisms among female student of Guder High School and preparatory School. A systematic study was conducted over a period of a month in students of high School and Guder Preparatory School. Data was collected using a questionnaire and twenty two symptoms were considered to assess Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS). The majority of the respondents was between the age of 15 and 20 (90.70%), and single (96.51%). A total of 51.94% of the respondents had symptoms with mild severity that is the symptoms were present and 32.72% reported moderate PMS symptoms, while 15.55% with sever PMS symptoms and interfere their daily activities like school performance, interpersonal relationships. Among the respondents (59.30%) not used any of coping method, (20.93%) used change in diet, (15.11%) used medication and (4.65%) used exercise as coping mechanism. The study was indicated that high prevalence of premenstrual syndrome as a common problem faced by majority of Guder High School and preparatory. This study revealed that high School and preparatory School aged girl students have similar symptoms to those in Ethiopia and some report so severe symptoms that they interfere with daily functioning. Hence, it was necessary to identifying and providing appropriate medical treatment and counselling for the female students at school clinics needs to be considered. Information education communication on premenstrual syndrome and possible coping method should be provided at high School and preparatory schools levels.

Alemayehu Abebe, Yehenew Mekonnen, Fikiru Yimer, Tigistu Mengistu, Ayantu Gebresilassie, Abeba. "Prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome and Coping Mechanisms among Female Students in Rural Ethiopia." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 43–49, 2025.

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—Background: Refactoring is a critical task in software maintenance and is generally performed to enforce the best design and implementation practices or to cope with design defects. Several studies attempted to detect refactoring activities through mining software repositories allowing to collect, analyze and get actionable data-driven insights about refactoring practices within software projects. Aim: We aim at identifying, among the various quality models presented in the literature, the ones that are more in-line with the developer’s vision of quality optimization, when they explicitly mention that they are refactoring to improve them. Method: We extract a large corpus of design-related refactoring activities that are applied and documented by developers during their daily changes from 3,795 curated open source Java projects. In particular, we extract a large-scale corpus of structural metrics and anti-pattern enhancement changes, from which we identify 1,245 quality improvement commits with their corresponding refactoring operations, as perceived by software engineers. Thereafter, we empirically analyze the impact of these refactoring operations on a set of common state-of-the-art design quality metrics. Results: The statistical analysis of the obtained results shows that (i) a few state-of-the-art metrics are more popular than others; and (ii) some metrics are being more emphasized than others. Conclusions: We verify that there are a variety of structural metrics that can represent the internal quality attributes with different degrees of improvement and degradation of software quality. Most of the metrics that are mapped to the main quality attributes do capture developer intentions of quality improvement reported in the commit messages, but for some quality attributes, they don’t. Index Terms—refactoring, software quality, empirical study

Dr. Ahmed E. Hassan. "Automated Detection of Refactoring Activities to Mitigate Design Defects in Legacy Code.." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 50–61, 2025.

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Today is a renewable energy generation based era. In accordance with the efforts to reduce CO2 emission and reduce the dependence on fossil fuels for energy generation, a variety of renewable energy resources are penetrating more into the power grid. Almost more than 60% of the world’s oil productions are consumed by vehicles on roads. Gas driven internal combustion engines are low efficiency systems that emit several harmful gases and establish an unsustainable and inefficient transportation system. These are harmful effect reduced by energy generation by renewable energy source and using electrical vehicle in transportation. In a study, it is reported that vehicles are responsible for 30% of the world total energy consumptions and 27% of total greenhouse gas emissions. Hence, to eliminate emissions originated from urban life, grid-connected vehicles have been recognized as one of the effective option. These are harmful effect reduced by energy generation by renewable energy source and using electrical vehicle in transportation. In this study two V2G case are considered ,first without utility grid connected V2G system and secondly utility grid connected V2G system and it is observed that, the transient effect of all parameters are reduced, and performance of V2G system are improved. Hence stability of V2G system by using utility grid gets improved.

Rohan K. Patel, Avani S. Mehta. "Comparative Analysis of Vehicle-to-Grid Systems: Grid- Connected and Islanded Configurations." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 62–65, 2025.

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The paper here shows the work performed by our team on a fabrication of Di-wheel, which we provide a name “METO” stands for a combination of Mechanical and Electrical device for our design. We have focused here to redefine and replace the basic mode of transportation made for the national parks and tourism sectors by using more comfortable, eco-friendly and a fun loving mode of transportation. The main challenge for designing the component is to provide actual stability with exact degree of freedom. The working condition of the product for moving it in forward direction, reverse direction and to provide better rotations was also a difficult task to be done. By studding these challenges and working factors the Diwheel provides a perfect platform for the implementation of control strategies to improve the ride of the vehicle. We put our full effort here to provide a new way of ride for the amusement parks that can help people to enjoy the better standard of living. Our design gives a successful and efficient outcome as noted, so here we provide knowledge of our whole project by using proper simulations and results. KEYWORDS Standard specifications, Design, Mathematics, Creo, ANSYS Workbench, METO (Mechanical and Electric Di-wheel), and Machines NOMENCLATURE Computer Engineering ISSN: 10003428 Volume 14 | Issue 8 | Year 2025 https://journalofcomputerengineering.com/ © 2025 Computer Engineering. All Rights Reserved. Page 66

Rohan Patel and Kavita Rao. "Computational Design and Fabrication of Di-Wheel Structures: An Integrated Approach." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 66–91, 2025.

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Naval Architecture, better understood as shipbuilding engineering, is a form of technology since the ancient time. The science of shipbuilding mainly involves with ship hull shape and structural design until the 19th century when machines begin to power ships. Today, the curriculum in authors’ department still focuses largely on mathematics and mechanics. Students’ motivation to learn is low and the discipline seems to be trailing behind the new wave of cyber-centred technology. To encourage naval architecture students to think creatively and act innovatively is very challenging because shipbuilding looks like a traditional heavy industry. To help the students to establish a good foundation for future development in the new digital oriented technology and to utilize them in shipbuilding industry, authors introduced new teaching approaches in courses of ‘Engineering Software’, ‘Data Acquisition and Analysis’ and ‘Fundamental Maritime Engineering’. Students were introduced to software similar to the commercial software used in the trade. They gained hands-on experience and continue to build the capacity with the software. The tasks in the classes were intentionally designed to be a combination of achievable simple ones and real-world complex problems. Students were guided to learn and use digital tools in conjunction with fundamental science, they showed confidence in acquiring a more holistic understanding which combines large complicated physical objects (like ships) and cyber possibilities. For the shipbuilding industry to evolve with the 4th industrial revolution, engineers who can use new digital technology on cumbersome objects are needed. A task-based learning with carefully chosen software in universities can be helpful.

Yueming Chen and Yiqin Li. "Reimagining Education at Sea: Challenges and Opportunities in Naval Architecture." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 92–97, 2025.

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