Abstract not available.

Dr. Eliana Vasquez and Dr. Kaidën Reyes. "Unveiling the Interconnected Paradigms of Quantum Entanglement and Special Relativity." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1–23, 2025.

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: Complexity of current computer networks, including e.g., local networks, large structured networks, wireless sensor networks, datacenter backbones, requires a thorough study to perform analysis and support design. Simulation is a tool of paramount importance to encompass all the different aspects that contribute to design quality and network performance (including as well energy issues, security management overheads, dependability), due to the fact that such complexity produces several interactions at all network layers that is not easily modellable with analytic approaches. In this systematic literature review we aim to analyze, basing our investigation on available literature, the adoption of a popular network simulator, namely ns-3, and its use in the scientific community. More in detail, we are interested in understanding what are the impacted application domains in which authors prefer ns-3 to other similar tools and how extensible it is in practice according to the experience of authors. The results of our analysis, which has been conducted by especially focusing on 128 papers published between 2009 to 2019, reveals that 10% of the evaluated papers were discarded because they represented informal literature; most of the studies presented comparisons among different network simulators, beyond ns-3 and conceptual studies related to performance assessment and validation and routing protocols. Only about 30% of considered studies present extensions of ns-3 in terms of new modules and only about 10% present effective case studies demonstrating the effectiveness of employing network simulator in real application, except conceptual and modeling studies.

Alessandro Bianchi, Giulia Esposito, Roberto Ferraro, Sofia Marinelli, and Luca Rizzo. "Evaluating Simulation Tools for Computer Network Analysis: A Comprehensive Review of ns-3 Applications." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 24–54, 2025.

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: In recent years, the significant growth of computer networks has facilitated the publication of multimedia data such as images, video, audio, etc. Digital images can be easily copied and published in the internet without the owner's consent. There are several ways to prevent these problems; one of these methods is digital watermarking. In these methods, a watermark that can be trade mark, digital signature, and so on is inserted into the image, and the watermarked image is obtained. This image can then be published. Therefore, the image’s owner can prove a suspicious image by retrieving the watermark from watermarked image. The main objective of watermarking of digital images is to insert the watermark information in digital content as invisible and usually robust. Digital watermarking consists of two watermark insertion and extraction stages. In insertion stage, watermark is embedded in the host image and the watermarked image is obtained. In the extraction stage, watermark is extracted from the image. There are different classifications for different methods of digital watermarking. This paper studies the basic concepts of watermarking and its classifications, and at the end, common uses of watermarking are discussed.

Dr. Aliyah R. Thompson and Dr. Ethan T. Patel. "Investigating the Viability of Digital Watermarking Strategies for Enhanced Intellectual Property Protection.." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 55–64, 2025.

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Despite the rapidly growing population of English Language Learners in schools, very little research has focused on understanding the challenges of English Language Learners in statistics education. This paper reviews research by statistics and mathematics educators to highlight some of the broad challenges faced by English Language Learners in statistics learning and teaching. The linguistic challenges include the vocabulary in academic statistics and linguistic features that may make statistical texts hard to understand and communicate. Next, the review outlines pedagogical strategies to help learners in statistics classrooms. The final section considers some issues arising out of the review and offers suggestions for practice and research.

Dr. Kavita Patel and Dr. Rohan Kumar. "English Language Support in Statistical Education: Investigating the Needs of Non-Native English Speakers." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 65–78, 2025.

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Parthenium hysterophorus (Linn.) is violent everywhere annual, herbivorous weed. It is commonly known as congress grass or gajar ghas. P. hysterophorus shown several hazardous effects on human health and livestock. It reduces the crop production due to its allelopathic effect. In spite of these drawbacks P. hysterophorus is traditionally recognized for its use in the treatment of wounds, fever, ulcerated sores and malaria. It is a weed of global importance. Pharmacological investigation revealed that it possess several therapeutic applications such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-feedant, antiinflammatory, antinociceptive, nematicidal, hypoglycaemic, pesticidal, antiamoebic, antioxidant and antiparasitic activities. The aim of this review is to summarise the pharmacological benefits of P. hysterophorus.

Rohan Kaur, Suman Kumar. "Phytochemical and Pharmacological Evaluation of Parthenium hysterophorus: A Comprehensive Review.." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 79–84, 2025.

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Abstract not available.

Elena Vasquez, Julian Sanchez. "High-Speed Channel Coding Architectures for Next-Generation Terabit Communications." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 85–88, 2025.

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The low number of students studying science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) has been a cause for concern for the past decades in the Western countries. Furthermore, the student body in STEM has narrowed since the number of female students in STEM fields decreases despite outreach activities. In order for the society to have enough appropriately educated work force, STEM attractiveness and increasing it is the focus of this concept paper. Although the lack of interest in STEM studies has been analyzed widely, we still have not been able to attract more (female) adolescents in STEM fields. Furthermore, previous research has shed light on the variety of STEM outreach activities, but the effects of these activities are not definitive. These concerns are common also in the Nordic countries, which has led to establishing an Erasmus+ Strategic Partnerships project ‘Engineering Nordic Future’ in 2018. One of the focus areas of the project pertains to the ways of attracting adolescents into STEM studies. As part of this project, the present literature review identifies the key features that contribute to the effectiveness of STEM outreach activities. The analysis focuses on K-12 activities targeted for (female)1 adolescents. The resulting model provides criteria for improving the effectiveness of current STEM outreach activities. The criteria may be applied to evaluate the impact of university-led STEM outreach activities and to guide related decision-making.

Elina Väänänen, Johanna Kallio. "Investigating the Efficacy of STEM Outreach Initiatives for Adolescent Girls: A Comparative Analysis." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 89–99, 2025.

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Dicentra scandens (D.Don) Walp. locally called as ‘Jogi Lahara’ belongs to the Family Fumariaceae and is used in traditional medicine in Sikkim, a North Eastern state of India. The present study investigated the antimicrobial properties of aqueous and methanol extracts of Dicentra scandens (D.Don) Walp. against some test Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. Using agar well diffusion method, aqueous and methanol extracts of roots of Dicentra scandens were tested against Escherichia coli (MTCC 1089), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC 3384), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 1034), Proteus vulgaris (MTCC 742), Salmonella typhi (MTCC 733), Shigella flexneri (MTCC 1457), Vibrio cholerae O139(MTCC 3906), Bacillus cereus (MTCC 6840) and Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 7443). Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were also evaluated. Promising antimicrobial activity was exhibited by methanol extract of Dicentra scandens. The methanol extract was further characterized by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The GC-MS analysis revealed 29 compounds and the major compounds detected were Protopine (53.78%) and Corydine (18.20%). Thus, the alkaloids are predominant phytoconstituents of the extract and could be attributed to its antimicrobial activity. The results of the present study indicate that, Dicentra scandens can be a source of potential antimicrobial agent and can be explored further for its therapeutic use.

Sunita Rana*, Rohan Kumar. "Exploring the Antimicrobial Properties of Dicentra scandens: A Promising Natural Agent." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 100–108, 2025.

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: We consider operators of mixed fractional integration in weighted generalized Hölder spaces of a function of two variables defined by a mixed modulus of continuity.

Muhammad Ilyas Khan and Sofia Rashidova. "Advancements in Fractional Calculus: Mixed Integrals within Weighted Hölder Spaces." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 109–120, 2025.

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