Medico-legal form bench-mark of health determinants and provide integrated services towards criminal justice support in health. Globally, over 44 million cases of unclaimed bodies or missing dead persons (UCBOMDPs) occur annually 88% of these cases are in Sub Saharan Africa. In Kenya and western Kenya rate of UCBOMDPs from road traffic accidents accounts 30% and 10% respectively 80% of these UCBOMDPs are associated with limited access to affordable quality comparison tests for identifications attributed to the increased prevalence of health and occupational hazards in population health. The current investigations aimed at identifying UCBOMDPs from public mortuaries by quantifying demographic data and determining DNA finger print and chemical tests (electrophoresis) using comparison standards. In Exploratory and cross sectional 235 respondents were investigated through purposive and saturated sampling using Finger print forms structured questionnaires focus group discussions (FGDs) observations and key informant interviews (KII) guides to collect data. Analyzed statistical inferences and contents analysis to saturation, results showed, 94% of mortuary service providers in tier 4 were primary and secondary education drop outs of males on contract jobs with limited access to quality services in mortuary science contrarily to females and males counterparts from tiers 5 and 6 mortuary facilities on permanent and trained. Rate of gross infection in public mortuaries and congestion had significant OD (2.2, 0.44). Prevalence of male being admitted as UCBOMDPs was significant due to being family bread winners OD (8.3, 0.12), RR (0.33), 95% CI (1.23, 1.02), significance were associated with male deliberately leaving IDs in houses due to identity. Utilization of Dactylography was significant than electrophoresis method, P value (0.67), OD (4.8, 1.3) due to high costs, procedures, DNA quantifying reagents and next of kin sampling for comparisons. Need for quality service advocacy in Department of Forensic Pathology to develop subsidized functional DNA chemical structures.

Dr. Johanna Fink-Gremmels. "Utilizing DNA Comparison Standards in the Identification of Unclaimed or Missing Dead Bodies in Western Kenya: A Forensic Perspective." Computer Engineering, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 1–9, 2024.

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Purpose This paper documents the existing evidence on bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) use for the treatment of bone fractures, non-union, and osteonecrosis, through a review of the clinical literature, underlying potential and limitations in terms of cost effectiveness and risk of complications. Methods A systematic review was performed on the PubMed database using the following string: (bone morphogenetic proteins OR BMPs) and (bone repair OR bone regeneration) including papers from 2000 to 2016. The search focused on clinical trials dealing with BMPs application to favor bone regeneration in bone fractures, non-union, and osteonecrosis, in English language, with level of evidence I, II, III, and IV. Relevant data (type of study, number of patients, BMPs delivery material, dose, site, follow-up, outcome, and adverse events) were extracted and analyzed. Results Forty-four articles met the inclusion criteria: 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 7 comparative studies, 18 case series, and 9 case reports. rhBMP-2 was documented mainly for the treatment of fractures, and rhBMP-7 mainly for non-unions and osteonecrosis. Mixed results were found among RCTs and comparative papers: 11 reported positive results for BMPs augmentation, 3 obtained no significant * Alice Roffi alice.roffi@ior.it 1 Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy 2 I Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy 3 Knee Joint Reconstruction Center – 3rd Orthopaedic Division, Humanitas Clinical Institute, Via Alessandro Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Italy effects, and 2 showed negative results. The only study comparing the two BMPs showed a better outcome with rhBMP-2 for non-union treatment. Conclusion Clinical evidence on BMPs use for the treatment of fractures, non-union, and osteonecrosis is still controversial, with the few available reports being mainly of low quality. While positive findings have been described in many studies, mixed results are still present in the literature in terms of efficacy and adverse events. The difficulties in drawing clear conclusions are also due to the studies heterogeneity, mainly in terms of different BMPs applied,with different concomitant treatments for each bone pathology. Therefore, further research with well-designed studies is needed in order to understand the real potential of this biological approach to favour bone healing. Keywords BMPs . Bone . Fractures . Non-union . Osteonecrosis

Rohan K. Patel, Sofia M. Jensen, Liam T.. "Bone Morphogenetic Protein Therapy in Bone Regeneration: A Comprehensive Systematic Review." Computer Engineering, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 10–22, 2024.

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The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of probiotic and isotonic drinks on chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) release from dental archwires. The conventional stainless steel dental archwires were used in this study, with 0.8 cm diameter, and 5 cm long from each sample. Total samples are 54 pieces dental archwires. The samples then divided into two major groups: (1) the probiotic (T1); and (2) isotonic (T2) drinks. Each major group consist three subgroups, such as: for the T1: (1) T1,1: as a negative control group (samples were immersed in saline solution); (2) T1,2: as a positive control group (samples were 1% lactic acid); (3) T1,3: as a treatment group (samples were immersed in normal saline + probiotic drink); and for the T2: (1) T2,1: as a negative control group (samples were immersed in saline solution); (2) T2,2: as a positive control group (samples were immersed in 1% lactic acid); (3) T2,3: as a treatment group (samples were immersed in normal saline + isotonic drink). After the immersion testing, there was a significance difference in Cr and Ni release from dental archwires between the subgroup of treatments from both probiotic and isotonic drinks (Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney test; P < 0.05). In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that both probiotic and isotonic drinks induced the releasing of Cr and Ni from dental archwires.

Dr. Theodore Eliades. "Evaluation of the Corrosive Impact of Probiotic and Isotonic Beverages on Dental Archwires." Computer Engineering, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 23–27, 2024.

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This study was designed to determine the effect of gender-role stereotyping on Basic Science students’ achievement and retention exposed to process skills acquisition strategy. The pre-test, post-test, non-equivalent control group, the quasiexperimental research design was employed for the study. The sample for the study comprised ninety-five students selected from the Katsina Central Senatorial District of Katsina State, Nigeria. Two research questions guided the study, and two null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The instrument for data collection was the Science Process Skills Acquisition Test (SPSAT). The reliability of SPSAT was determined using Split half and the coefficient obtained was 0.76 implying that the instrument was reliable for the study. Descriptive statistic of the mean was used to answer the research questions, while ANCOVA was employed to test the hypotheses. The findings of the study indicate that there was a significant difference in the achievement and retention of male and female students in Basic Science using Process Skills Acquisition technique. The difference in achievement and retention were in favour of male students. Based on the findings, it is recommended that Basic Science teachers should be encouraged to adopt the use of the Process Skills Acquisition Strategy in teaching the subject.

1. Nneoma A. Nwosu 2. Muhammad A. Kano. "Exploring the Impact of Gender-Role Stereotypes and Process Skills on Achievement and Retention in Upper Basic III Science Students: A Case Study of Katsina State, Nigeria.." Computer Engineering, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 28–35, 2024.

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: The purpose of this paper is to define generalized (αβ-ψ)-contraction in the context of F-metric space and obtain some new fixed point results. As applications, we solve a nonlinear neutral differential equation with an unbounded delay ϑ/(ι) = −ρ1(ι)ϑ(ι) + ρ2(ι)L(ϑ(ι − ς(ι))) + ρ3(ι)ϑ/(ι − ς(ι)), where ρ1(ι), ρ2(ι) are continuous, ρ3(ι) is continuously differentiable and ς(ι) > 0, for all ι ∈ R and is twice continuously differentiable.

Ammar F. Al-Rashed, Muhammad Ahsan Raza, and Alessandro Bianchi. "Fixed Point Theorems for Generalized (αβ-ψ)-Contractions in F- Metric Spaces: A Comprehensive Analysis." Computer Engineering, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 36–51, 2024.

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In engineering education research, many methods have been presented to support curriculum design. Courses, however, need to be designed as well. While designing a course, attention must be paid to the subject matter, pedagogical aspects and technological factors, for example. New teaching technologies further widen the potential solution space. This results in a complex design challenge for the teacher. The teacher’s ability to design the courses has a direct impact on how successful learning will be. The purpose of this literature review is to clarify what methods currently exist for the systematic design of courses in engineering education. We focus on the following research questions: 1) What methods, tools and processes currently exist to support the design of courses? 2) What are the key concepts, models or theories they are based on? 3) What is the role of information and communications technology (ICT) in these methods? The literature review shows general instructions, with central affecting factors, are available. Current approaches present some aspects—for example, student motivational factors or the role of teacher instructional skills. However, the systematic or more holistic method, which supports a study module design including ICT aspects, is not currently available. This study’s results contribute to an educational design research project that is aimed at developing a systematic design method for ICTsupported courses within the engineering education context.

Dr. Karl A. Smith. "A Holistic Approach to Instructional Design for Technology-Supported Engineering Courses.." Computer Engineering, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 52–61, 2024.

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The frequency of Staphylococcus aureus carriage among healthy food handlers at the students’ cafeteria at the Federal University of Technology, Owerri Nigeria was investigated. Nasal and throat swab samples were obtained from 54 food handlers, and analysed using standard microbiological methods. A total of 28 (51.9%) food handlers were positive for S. aureus. Twenty one of the food handlers (38.9%) harbor S. aureus in their nostrils, 11 (20.4%) in their throat, while 6(11.1%) harbor it in both their nostrils and throats. The exclusive colonization of the throat (20.4%) of the studied food handlers, demonstrated the importance of the throat as a site of colonization for S. aureus. Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates shows that all the isolated S. aureus were susceptible to nitrofurantoin and cefuroxime, but resistant to penicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimazole. The isolates were also 25%, 28.6% and 35.7% susceptible to ampicillin, amoxycillin and erythromycin, respectively. This study has further shown the need for routine regular screening of food handlers for both nasal and throat carriage of S. aureus so as to detect early and treat carriers in order to protect the general public from staphylococcal food poisoning. The high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in S. aureus isolated from the healthy food handlers is of great public health concern, as it shows a growing problem of antimicrobial resistance in the community. This study thus, recommends an urgent formulation of a national policy on antibiotics by the Nigerian government for regulation and management of antibiotics use.

Nwabueze, Onyinye Joy; Ibezim, Amarachukwu Nkeiruka; Egbuonu,. "Patterns of Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus among Food Handlers in a Nigerian University Setting." Computer Engineering, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 62–68, 2024.

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Listening is one of the most important skills in learning and teaching second language, but the importance of listening in language learning has only recognized recently (Oxford, 1993). Since the role of listening comprehension in language leaning was taken for granted, it merited little research and pedagogical attention. Second language listening comprehension is a complex process, crucial in the development of second language competence. In daily or academic communications, listening contributes communicative success. In fact, most learners feel dislike learning this skill and fall most of the communication. They cannot match what the speakers say with what their prior knowledge. The fact that language environment plays an important role in improving learners' language skills and communication competence. It means that students need to use English they learn in daily communications to communicate with people around them. However, some countries learn English as foreign language like in Vietnam, English cannot be spoken in every daily conversation. Hence, this article will provide the understanding of listening kill. It also analyzes the effectiveness of language learning environment features in learning and teaching listening skill to help learners improve their listening skill and be a successful communicator.

Nguyen Thi Le Hong, Tran Minh Duc. "Assessing the Impact of Linguistic Environments on the Acquisition of Listening Proficiency." Computer Engineering, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 69–76, 2024.

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