Students in engineering education need tools to gain insight into the ever- increasing complexity of engineering problems and possible solutions in the 21st century (e.g. seeking the reasons for the recent bridge-collapse in Genova). One of these tools could be the utilization of mathematical knowledge and skills – but many engineering students are undermotivated in studying mathematics. Not only Comenius but our digital age also prefers visualization over textual comprehension, as the Net generation is visually literate. Newer interdisciplinary research findings in brain functions and brain maturation are worth to be integrated into the pedagogy of teaching mathematics to engineers. Methodologically, in order to improve the quality of teaching Mathematics in engineering education at a Hungarian university, both findings in brain-research as well as theories of adult learning have been analysed from the perspective of visualization. The other direction of the work was focused on different types of visualization in Mathematics (according to Guzman), particularly in textbooks for engineering students. Ten textbooks, (among them the newly developed „Mathematics 1” at the Széchenyi István University), available both in print and online in Hungary have been compared from visual aspects. The current Curriculum of the subject „Mathematics 1” has also been analyzed from visual aspects. Findings show the need for a wider variety of visualization. Systematically detailing all of the above-mentioned perspectives and findings of dataprocessing contribute to developing an up-to-date conceptual framework for improving the quality of teaching Mathematics in engineering education at a Hungarian university, and it might be useful for other universities as well.

Nóra Gábor Kovács, Erzsébet Bálintné Pál. "Enhancing Mathematics Education through Visualization: A Conceptual Framework for Engineering Disciplines." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 1–13, 2025.

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This case study investigates F. M. Alexander’s newly coined phrase “the true primary movement in each and every act,” as well as the interpretations of this neologism by Alexander Technique teachers and a wellknown Alexander follower who wrote the first biography of Alexander. The case study further discusses the fact that Alexander was of the opinion that his method(s) constitute applied “race culture,” that is, applied eugenics.

Dr. Elianore Quasar and Dr. Aditya Raghavan. "Revisiting the Legacy of F. Matthias Alexander: A Critical Examination of Interpretative Paradigms." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 14–20, 2025.

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: In June 2016, with the aim of ensuring a global improvement in the performance of the Italian System of the Environmental Agencies (SNPA) and its homogeneity on the national territory, an intercomparison circuit (IC) was planned and conducted concerning the measurements of electromagnetic fields associated with Long Term Evolution (LTE) mobile communications, which were very recently introduced at that time. The intercomparison circuit, designed and built according to the criteria of ISO 17043, was organized as part of a consolidated collaboration between the Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA) and the Piedmont Regional Agency for Environmental Protection (Arpa Piemonte). The results obtained, preceded by a brief description of the entire process of organization and analysis, are the subject of this work. The IC covered in particular: the narrow band measurement procedures used in the field; the choice of decoding, measurement and extrapolation of the synthesis result; the response of the instrumentation, limited to the models in the field. The site chosen by the organizers, primarily characterized through measurements and theoretical evaluation of the field, is the roof of the Lingotto Building in Turin. A total of 27 groups participated in the circuit: 25 SNPA departments (including the organizers Arpa Piemonte and ISPRA) and 2 private labs. All participants provided the results. The outcome of the comparison was decidedly positive: only 2 participants, for whom a joint assessment of possible causes will also be illustrated (according to ISO 5725:2), achieved significantly different results.

Giacomo Mariani, Francesca Bianchi, Alessandro Calabrese, and Elisabetta Ferrucci. "Electromagnetic Signature Identification in 4G Signaling: An Italian National Intercomparison Study." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 21–36, 2025.

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Dr. Gottfried Schmalz. "Heat-Induced Methyl Methacrylate Exposure: Hepatic Expression of HSP70 and iNOS.." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 37–41, 2025.

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Higher education provides a solid theoretical and practical, but mostly technical, background for the aspiring software developer. Research, however, has shown that graduates still fall short of the expectations of industry. These deficiencies are not limited to technical shortcomings. The ever changing landscape of ‘lean’ enterprise software development requires engineers to be equipped with abilities beyond the technical. How can higher education help students become great software developers in this context? As a first step towards answering this question, we present the results of a systematic literature review, focusing on noncognitive abilities, better known as ‘soft skills’. Our results identify self-reflection, conflict resolution, communication, and teamwork as the top four taught skills. Internships and capstone projects require more attention as a teaching aspect to facilitate the learning of multiple skills, including creativity. Interdisciplinary teaching and group composition are other important factors that influence learning. By providing novel insights on relationships between noncognitive abilities and teaching aspects, this work contributes to the continuous improvement of software engineering curricula. These findings may also serve as a springboard for further investigation of certain undervalued skills.

Dr. Letizia Jaccheri. "Enhancing Software Engineering Curricula: Integrating Self- Reflection and Teamwork through Capstone Projects.." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 42–56, 2025.

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: In this work, we consider a type of second-order functional differential equations and establish qualitative properties of their solutions. These new results complement and improve a number of results reported in the literature. Finally, we provide an example that illustrates our results.

Ahmed Khalid Al-Masri, Sofia Elisabetta Bianchi, Rohan Kumar Agarwal, and Gianluca. "Qualitative Properties of Solutions of Neutral Differential Equations: A Comparative Analysis." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 57–67, 2025.

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: pABA (p-aminobenzoic acid or 4-aminobenzoic acid) is a chemical component of the folate molecule produced by plants and bacteria, and found in many foods. It is best known as a UV-blocking sunscreen applied to the skin, and is sometimes taken orally for certain medical conditions. Today it is known that many organic molecules in the human body can react with biometals such as copper, cobalt, manganese, iron and others. This study was performed to investigate the interaction of Cu(II) ions with p-aminobenzoic acid. Spectroscopic methods (FTIR and UV/Vis spectroscopy) were used to characterize the product obtained. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized complex was tested by diffusion techniques. The results of spectroscopic analysis indicate the interaction of Cu(II) ions with pABA. Interaction is realized through oxygen donor atom of ligand. It was found that the Cu(II) complex has significant antimicrobial activity compared to the pABA ligand.

Dr. Amira M. Kovačević, Dr. Džana I. Pajić, Dr. Adis A. Bašić, Dr. Aida M. Omeragić, Dr. Edina. "Copper(II)-PABA Complex: A Multifaceted Approach to Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, Antibacterial, and Antifungal Activity." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 68–71, 2025.

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Class response systems allows for just-in-time teaching (JITT) assessments and quizzes. Unfortunately, most of them require students to have an electronic device and do not allow for students to participate and engage in critical thinking. Plickers, on the other hand, is an alternative class response system which does not suffer from the previous disadvantages and can stimulate debate and discussion during the class which as a result may enhance learner motivation. I assessed the effect of using Plickers on the engagement and participation of the students by having a questionnaire at the end of the course with questions related to the Plickers application and what students thought about it. Results were positive and it seems that students felt that the application enabled them to measure the understanding of the subject and they were more involved compared to courses that were not using Plickers. Overall, Plickers could be a potentially useful tool for classrooms, and it has yet to be evaluated in empirical research. The lack of research with this application leaves a potentially vital absence in the literature that may improve both learning and teaching with the use of this new technology.

Sofia Rodriguez de la Vega, Leonidas A. Kontos. "Enhancing Student Engagement in Large Higher Education Settings: The Plickers Approach." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 72–76, 2025.

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: Cytological study of the nasal mucosa (also known as rhino-cytology) represents an important diagnostic aid that allows highlighting of the presence of some types of rhinitis through the analysis of cellular features visible under a microscope. Nowadays, the automated detection and classification of cells benefit from the capacity of deep learning techniques in processing digital images of the cytological preparation. Even though the results of such automatic systems need to be validated by a specialized rhino-cytologist, this technology represents a valid support that aims at increasing the accuracy of the analysis while reducing the required time and effort. The quality of the rhino-cytological preparation, which is clearly important for the microscope observation phase, is also fundamental for the automatic classification process. In fact, the slide-preparing technique turns out to be a crucial factor among the multiple ones that may modify the morphological and chromatic characteristics of the cells. This paper aims to investigate the possible differences between direct smear (SM) and cytological centrifugation (CYT) slide-preparation techniques, in order to preserve image quality during the observation and cell classification phases in rhino-cytology. Firstly, a comparative study based on image analysis techniques has been put forward. The extraction of densitometric and morphometric features has made it possible to quantify and describe the spatial distribution of the cells in the field images observed under the microscope. Statistical analysis of the distribution of these features has been used to evaluate the degree of similarity between images acquired from SM and CYT slides. The results prove an important difference in the observation process of the cells prepared with the above-mentioned techniques, with reference to cell density and spatial distribution: the analysis of CYT slides has been more difficult than of the SM ones due to the spatial distribution of the cells, which results in a lower cell density than the SM slides. As a marginal part of this study, a performance assessment of the computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system called Rhino-cyt has also been carried out on both groups of image slide types.

Alessandro Mariani, Emilia Rizzo, Luca Bianchi, Francesca Ricci, Leonardo Fabbri,. ""Integrative Analysis of Rhino-Cytological Specimens via Multimodal Machine Learning Approaches"." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 77–96, 2025.

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