This paper discusses the use of GeoGebra in teaching geometric transformations. As GeoGebra is an interactive geometry, algebra, statistics and calculus application of mathematical software is very essential from school to university level to foster mathematical experiments and discoveries. Also, the contribution of this paper was a reflection of several specific examples of transformation namely reflection, rotation, translation and dilation for teaching mathematics to sixteen students in one of the secondary schools of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Subscribing teaching experiment as qualitative research methodology, this paper deals with the implementation of GeoGebra in six episodes, we have used adequate illustrations, pictures and animations of objects using GeoGebra to make abstract concepts of transformation visible to the students. The result of experiment shows that GeoGebra is helpful in teaching and learning the abstract concepts of transformation. Findings of this study show that if GeoGebra is used in mathematics classroom, students could become an active constructor of knowledge. Similarly, they collaborate with each other, visualize the process of transformation, and enjoy their authority in such classes. It acts as an important educational tool so as to support the traditional lecturemethod of teaching mathematics that shifts education system from teacher centered to learner centered.

Rohan Thapa, Krishna KC, and Suman Ghimire. "Investigating the Integration of Geogebra in Geometric Transformation Education." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 1–10, 2025.

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: Manufacturing processes in the shoe industry are still characterized to a large extent by human labour, especially in small and medium craft enterprises. Even when machinery is adopted to support manufacturing operations, in most cases an operator has to supervise or carry out the task. On the other hand, craft footwear industries are called to respond to continuous challenges to face the globalization effects, so that a rapid adaptability to customer needs is required. The industry 4.0 paradigms, which are taking place in the industrial environments, represent an excellent opportunity to improve the efficiency and quality of production, and a way to face international competitors. This paper analyses and proposes a robotic cell to automatize the process of glue deposition on shoe upper, which exploits a new means of depositing the glue compared to State-of-Art applications. While the latter mainly adopt glue gun spraying systems or pneumatic syringes, the proposed robotic cell is based on an extrusion system for the deposition of molten material originally in the form of a filament, similar to all extent to those adopted for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). Two cell solutions are designed and tested. In the former the extruder is the robot end effector and the shoe upper is grounded to the cell frame. In the second, being the reciprocal, the shoe last is clamped to the robot wrist and the extruder is fixed to the cell frame. The peculiarities of the two solutions are pointed out and compared in terms of cell layout, hardware, programming software and possibility to develop collaborative applications. A self developed slicing software allows designing the trajectories for glue deposition based on the CAD model of the shoe upper, also allowing driving the inclination of the extruder nozzle with respect to the vectors normal to the upper surface. Both the proposed cell layouts permit to achieve good quality and production times. The solution with the mobile extruder is able to deposit glue at highest end-effector speed (up to 200 mm/s). On the other hand, the solution with the mobile shoe upper and fixed extruder seems to be more appropriate to enhance collaborative applications.

Alessandro Bianchi, Elena Vasileva, Luca Rossi,. "Exploring the Feasibility of Robotic Gluing in the Footwear Industry: A Process Optimization Study." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 11–31, 2025.

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Ubiquitous Computing, Mobile Computing and Internet of Things (UMI) technologies, are widely diffused in the everyday life. In addition to their primary usage (e.g., supporting the implementation of the future 5G network), these technologies can be used in the context of Science Education. According to this perspective, the innovative psycho-pedagogical approach here presented has been ad-hoc developed for the Horizon 2020 Project “Exploiting Ubiquitous Computing, Mobile Computing and the Internet of Things to promote Science Education” (Umi-Sci-Ed). The aim of the project is to enhance knowledge and skills of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) and to promote positive attitudes towards these disciplines. In order to reach this goal, the UMI technologies, framed in the Community of Practices (CoPs) paradigm, will be introduced in the learning process of secondary schools’ students (i.e., 9th and 10th grade). Specifically, the students will attend to innovative learning activities, such as hands-on activities, concerning with Networking and networked Robotics. In the present contribution, the theoretical framework that constitutes the rationale for the Umi-Sci-Ed project will be described. In particular, the “bottom-up” socio-constructionist perspective will be presented, as well as the main technological tools (e.g., UDOO) that would be used to implement an integrated STEM learning environment. The expected results of the project will be discussed.

Dr. Filip Andrén. "Fostering Interdisciplinary STEM Collaboration: An Ecological Analysis of Community of Practice Networks in Robotics and Automation." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 32–35, 2025.

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Dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) can survive and produce considerable amount of milk during recurrent and prolonged hot and dry environment. Camel milk considered one of the most valuable food sources due to its nutritional value. Intramammary infection and other low hygienic measurers are the main factors that undermined the camel mammary gland welfare. Available studies elaborated in detail the role of innate factors like Peptidoglycan recognition protein and Lactoferrin in camel milk as potent antimicrobial factors. Despite the wide studies on camel antibodies, their role in the mammary gland immunity was scarcely addressed. The major lack of information about the immune system of camel mammary gland is of great setback in improving the camel dairy industry. This review has evaluated the available data on different aspects of the mammary immune system. The available data unfortunately are of general profile, which created wide gaps in understanding the camel mammary gland immune system in health and disease. Several measures were proposed as necessary approaches to drive considerable interests of wide and in depth research on the camel mammary gland immune system. In conclusion, the available knowledge on the immune system of camel mammary gland suffers from major lack in the role of the immunoglobulins in health and mastitis. Although, acceptable progress was made on defining the cellular populations of the mammary gland, their main activity during the infection needs to be revealed.

Mohammad Faisal Al-Khateeb, Abdullah Saeed Al-Ghamdi, Fatima Ali Al-Otaibi, and Khalid. "Immunological Responses in Camelids: A Comparative Study of Mammary Gland Health and Disease." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 36–41, 2025.

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: Soft Sensors (SSs) are inferential models used in many industrial fields. They allow for real-time estimation of hard-to-measure variables as a function of available data obtained from online sensors. SSs are generally built using industries historical databases through data-driven approaches. A critical issue in SS design concerns the selection of input variables, among those available in a candidate dataset. In the case of industrial processes, candidate inputs can reach great numbers, making the design computationally demanding and leading to poorly performing models. An input selection procedure is then necessary. Most used input selection approaches for SS design are addressed in this work and classified with their benefits and drawbacks to guide the designer through this step.

Gianluca Rizzo, Alessandro De Luca, and Laura Di Stasio. "Designing Soft Sensors for the Future Internet: A Systematic Review of Input Selection Methods." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 42–71, 2025.

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In this work, we consider a two-dimensional problem of an infinitely long solid cylinder consisting of two different homogeneous and isotropic thermoelastic materials within the context of the fractional order theory of thermoelasticity. The lateral surface of the cylinder is taken to be traction free and is subjected to a known temperature distribution which is a function of time t and z. There are no body forces or heat sources affecting the medium. Laplace and exponential Fourier transform techniques are used to solving the problem. The inverse Laplace and exponential Fourier transforms are obtained using a numerical technique. The predictions of the fractional order theory are discussed and compared with those for the generalized theory of thermoelasticity. We also study the effect of the fractional derivative parameters of the two media on the behavior of the solution. Numerical results are computed and represented graphically for the temperature, displacement and stress distributions.

A. I. Hassanien, M. H. E. Mohamed, S. M. Ali. "Thermoelastic Analysis of Non-Local Infinitely Solid Cylinders Composed of Two Different Materials." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 72–90, 2025.

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Abstract not available.

Alexandra K. Meyer, Leonhard R. Fischer, Johanna B. Müller, Eva L. Schröder,. "Industry-Oriented Fluid Mechanics Laboratories for STEM Education: A Comparative Study." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 91–97, 2025.

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this paper presents an inventory system where eligible customers are screened out at the first stage of service. The arrival of demand for fresh items and for rework items follows the Poisson process with parameter and . From fresh items store, items will be provided to the arrival customer within a negligible service time. We assume that a certain portion of arriving customers will get service with rate and rest of the arriving customer will be rejected to serve with a rate (1- when inventory level for fresh items reaches to the reorder level s an order takes place which follows exponean an ntial distribution with parameter . The defective items will dysfunction before expire date, a service will be provided once it returns to the service center with parameter . If the store of rework items is full then th,e next case will be served at home as early as possible. We considered two stores in the system one for fresh items and another for returned items. When inventory level is zero then ar,rival cu the stomer will be lost forever. A suitable mathematical model is developed and the solution of the developed model using Markov pa rocess with Rate-matrixisderived. Also the sys,,tems characteristics are numerically illustrated. The validation of the result in this model was coded in Mathematica 11

Amira N. Khan, Rashid Alvi, Zara A. Patel. "Optimal Service Strategies in Stochastic Inventory Systems with Reworks for Eligible Customers." Computer Engineering, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 98–107, 2025.

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